On January 26, 1994, the North Carolina Highway Patrol was awarded project funding from the Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Office of the Department of Transportation to create a statewide Bicycle Safety Program. Through research, the Highway Patrol recognized the need for such a program.
(Redirected from Upright bicycle)
1885 Rover safety bicycle in the London Science Museum
1887 advertisement for a safety bicycle, Wolverhampton, England
A safety bicycle (or simply a safety) is a type of bicycle that became very popular beginning in the late 1880s as an alternative to the penny-farthing ('ordinary') and is now the most common type of bicycle. Early bicycles of this style were known as safety bicycles because they were noted for, and marketed as, being safer than the high wheelers they were replacing.[1] Even though modern bicycles use a similar design, the term is rarely used today and may be considered obsolete.[2]
Definition[edit]
The term safety bicycle was used in the 1880s for any alternative to the penny-farthing. The front and rear wheel were not necessarily the same size.[3] Later historians began to use the term in a more restricted way, for the design that was a direct ancestor to most modern bicycles.[4][5]
'Diamond frame' is also sometimes used as a term for safety bicycles, even though this technically only refers to a certain type of safety bicycle. The retronym 'upright bicycle' is used to distinguish the style from recumbent bicycles.
History[edit]
An 1880 penny-farthing (left), and a 1886 Rover safety bicycle (right)
The first bicycle to be called a 'safety' was designed by the English engineer Harry John Lawson (Henry Lawson) in 1876,[6] although other bicycles which fit the description had been developed earlier, such as by Thomas Humber in 1868.[7] Unlike with penny-farthings, the rider's feet were within reach of the ground, making it easier to stop. The pedals powered the rear wheel, keeping the rider's feet safely away from the front wheel. The original treadle bicycle model used treadles to transfer power to the rear wheel, while the later 1879 model used a chain drive, an important new technology that had previously only been used on tricycles. Lawson's safety failed to catch on, perhaps because of its increased cost, weight and complexity compared to the penny-farthing.[6] One other variation that appeared at about the same time is the dwarf, exemplified by the Kangaroo, and with a chain-driven front wheel.
By 1885, the safety bicycles cataloged in Henry Sturmey's Indispensable Handbook to the Safety Bicycle included seven with lever front-drives, 44 with geared front-drives, and only nine with chain rear-drives.[4][5] In that same year, John Kemp Starley (J. K. Starley) came out with the first commercially successful safety bicycle he named the Rover.[8][9] The first modern bicycle, it was heavier and more expensive than penny-farthings, but lighter and cheaper than tricycles of the day.[10] In its original form it used indirect steering; later direct steering was adopted and the bicycle proved to be a hit.[11]
Overman Victor bicycle of 1893
The Overman Wheel Company, founded 1882, was the first manufacturer of safety bicycles in the United States, in their factory complex in Chicopee, Massachusetts.[12] Following their creation in England, Overman rushed a safety bicycle to production before the end of 1887.[13] Overman was known for making all-steel bicycles with no cast metal parts.[12] The Overman Victor bicycle was said to be of higher quality and lower weight than other bicycles of its time.[12] By 1893, the Overman factory made the complete bicycle, including tyres, saddles, rims, etc.[14]
The safety bicycle was a big improvement on the previous penny-farthing design which it replaced. The chain drive, coupling a large front sprocket (the chainring) to a small rear sprocket (the sprocket) to multiply the revolutions of the pedals, allowed for much smaller wheels, and replaced the need for the large, directly pedaled front wheel of the penny-farthing. The smaller wheel gave a harsher ride;[15] once pneumatic tyres were developed and replaced the previously used solid ones, this disadvantage was no longer an issue.[16]
With the centre of mass low and between the wheels, rather than high and over the front hub, the safety bicycle greatly diminished the danger of 'taking a header' or long fall over the handlebars. This made braking more effective and cycling, previously the reserve of spry, daring young men, safer, and therefore much more popular, especially for women.
Compared with the tricycles of the time, popular with riders less willing to take risks, the safety bicycles were lighter, mechanically more simple, and less expensive.
Its popularity soon grew to be more than the penny farthings and tricycles combined, and caused the bike boom of the 1890s.[17]
Characteristics[edit]
Safeties are now characterized by having two wheels of identical – or nearly identical – size, and a chain-driven rear wheel. The most popular form of the safety bicycle frame, consisting of two triangles, is known as a diamond frame. A similar but different frame used in safety bicycles is the step-through frame.
Despite the enormous variety of modern bicycles, recumbent bicycles are the only major variety of bicycle which do not use this same basic design.
Image gallery[edit]
- Early safety bicycle (c. 1879) in the Coventry Transport Museum
- 1884 McCammon safety bicycle
- 1884 Kangaroo dwarf safety bicycle (Coventry Museum)
- 1885 Whippet safety bicycle
- 1886 Rover safety bicycle
- 1886 Swift safety bicycle (Coventry Museum)
- 1889 step-through safety bicycle
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Brown, Sheldon. 'Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Glossary'. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^Simpson, John & Weiner, Edmund (1989). Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-861186-2.
Former name for the type of bicycle now in use, differing from the ‘Ordinary’ in the lower position of the saddle, whereby greater safety is afforded to the rider.
- ^'Bicycle History: Birmingham'. Online Vintage Bicycle Museum. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
A better idea of the 'B.S.A.' Safety can be seen ... 32-inch driving wheel ... 20-inch steer
- ^ abBerto, Frank J.; Ron Shepherd; et al. (2008) [2000]. The Dancing Chain: History and Development of the Derailleur Bicycle (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA, USA: Cycle Publishing/Van der Plas Publications. pp. 37–38. ISBN978-1-892495-59-4. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ^ abBerto, Frank J.; et al. (2016) [2000]. The Dancing Chain: History and Development of the Derailleur Bicycle (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA, USA: Cycle Publishing/Van der Plas Publications. ISBN978-1-892495-77-8. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ^ abHerlihy, David V. (2004). Bicycle: the History. Yale University Press. pp. 216–217. ISBN0-300-10418-9.
In 1876, the British engineer Henry J. Lawson proposed a new rear-drive machine he called the Safety Bicycle.
- ^'Brief history of Humber'. Humber Car Museum. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
Thomas thought that this could be improved upon, and in 1868 invented the firsty 'safety' bicycle ever produced
- ^'Icons of Invention: Rover safety bicycle, 1885'. The Science Museum. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^Tony Hadland & Hans-Erhard Lessing (2014). Bicycle Design, An Illustrated History. MIT Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN978-0-262-02675-8.
The most famous of the rear-drive safeties introduced in 1885 was the Rover, produced in Coventry by John Kemp Starley.
- ^'Cycle market: Moving into the fast lane'. The Independent. 26 February 2018.
- ^Herlihy, David V. (2004). Bicycle: the History. Yale University Press. pp. 235–240. ISBN0-300-10418-9.
- ^ abcDavies, William T. (1897). The New England States, their Constitutional, Judicial, Educational, Commercial, Professional, and Industrial History (Volume I ed.). Boston: D.H. Hurd & Co. pp. 414–418. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
- ^Herlihy, David (2004). Bicycle: The History (1st ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 214–245.
- ^Bolder, Ben (29 July 1893). 'The Bicycle Industry (from Scientific American)'. Valley Falls, Kansas: The Farmer's Vindicator. p. 3. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
- ^'Ideal Tire Sizes by Jobst Brandt'. www.sheldonbrown.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^'Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Glossary Sa - So'. www.sheldonbrown.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^Herlihy, David V. (2004). Bicycle: the History. Yale University Press. pp. 225. ISBN0-300-10418-9.
...it not only prevailed as the universal bicycle style, it also triggered an unprecedented world-wide demand that culminated in the great boom.
External links[edit]
- Rover safety bicycle often thought of as the icon of safety bicycles.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safety_bicycle&oldid=931252215'
Bicycle Rodeo Program
What is a bicycle rodeo?
A bicycle rodeo is a clinic that teaches children the importance of riding a bicycle safely and what skills and precautions they need to develop to have a safe time on their bicycles.
What takes place at a bicycle rodeo?
Bicycle rodeos are designed for children 4-13 years of age. Each rodeo usually begins with a short lecture on bicycle safety and a safety check for both the rider and bicycle. Bicycle rodeos also have some type of a road course to teach children how to handle riding their bikes in real life situations such as traffic lights, stop signs, pedestrians crossing the streets, and road intersections.
Why is it important to teach children how to ride bicycles safely?
Some adults may think that teaching bicycling skills is not necessary, since they as kids never had any formal bicycle training. Today however, roadways are a lot more crowded. There are increasingly more motor vehicles on the road which can make roadways very intimidating to bicyclists. It is important that bicyclists learn how to safely “drive” a bicycle. A bicycle is more than just a toy – it is a vehicle. Bicyclists can ride safely on the road but the rules of the road must be followed and safety skills learned.
BICYCLE SKILLS RODEO TRAILER PROGRAM
In conjunction with the Utah Emergency Medical Services for Children, the Highway Safety Office has two bicycle rodeo trailers that contain all the necessary equipment for conducting a bicycle rodeo. These trailers can be used by the public free of charge. To reserve the bicycle rodeo trailer, or for more information on conducting a bicycle rodeo, contact the Highway Safety Office at 801-366-6040.
If you already have your own bicycles that you would like to use, you can just borrow cones and signs. Call the HSO at 801-366-6040 to make arrangements to pick up cones and signs.
TO RESERVE A BIKE RODEO TRAILER, YOU WILL NEED THE FOLLOWING:
Please complete the Trailer Reservation Form and Bicycle Rodeo Trailer Contract and fax to 801-366-6044 or call 801-366-6040 for an email contact. Once the reservation form is received your reservation can be finalized and an email will be sent back to you to confirm. Please indicate on the form when you will be picking up the trailer and returning it. Our office hours are Monday – Friday 8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Trailer pick up and return need to be done during business hours, unless prior arrangements are made.
TRAILER PICK UP:
You will need to come inside the Highway Safety Office prior to hooking up the trailer. At this time, you can return the signed user agreement form and pick up 2 cans of spray chalk that are provided to mark the rodeo course. Also provided will be an event evaluation form that you will need to complete and return with the trailer.
You will need to come inside the Highway Safety Office prior to hooking up the trailer. At this time, you can return the signed user agreement form and pick up 2 cans of spray chalk that are provided to mark the rodeo course. Also provided will be an event evaluation form that you will need to complete and return with the trailer.
VEHICLE REQUIREMENT FOR TOWING THE TRAILERS:
The bike rodeo trailer is a large trailer and it is highly recommend that the individual towing the trailer have some previous experience with hooking up and towing a trailer.
The bike rodeo trailer is an 18′ enclosed cargo trailer and weighs approximately 4500 lbs. The trailer is equipped with electric trailer brakes.
The following are requirements for towing the trailers:
- 1/2 ton full wheel base vehicle with sufficient factory rated towing ability.
- Mid-size and larger SUVs with sufficient factory rated towing ability.
- Class III or IV trailer hitch with 2 inch receiver slot
- The trailer comes with a 2” adjustable receiver with a 2 5/16” ball to pull the trailer.
- Round Seven-way slotted trailer plug
Recommendations for the towing vehicle:
- Electronic trailer brake controller
- Extended mirrors
TRAILER INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS:
In order to borrow the Bicycle Rodeo Trailer, the UHSO requires that the borrower possess general liability coverage for at least $1 million in personal and property liability. A Certificate of Liability Insurance, from the borrowers insurance company, will need to be provided to the UHSO. Please see Insurance Information for details.
TRAILER RETURN:
When you return the trailer, please park in the same spot that it was taken. Make sure to allow enough room between the trailers to open the side door. Don’t park too close. Bring the event evaluation form inside the Highway Safety Office and give to staff. One of us will walk out to the trailer with you for a final inspection.
When you return the trailer, please park in the same spot that it was taken. Make sure to allow enough room between the trailers to open the side door. Don’t park too close. Bring the event evaluation form inside the Highway Safety Office and give to staff. One of us will walk out to the trailer with you for a final inspection.
PLANNING FOR A SUCCESSFUL EVENT:
Allow about an hour to set up the bike rodeo course and plan for 8-10 volunteers to help you with the skills stations. See bike rodeo packet for instructions and course layout. You will need to use the informed consent for minors form. Participants are required to sign the form and copies will be provided inside the trailer cabinet. It is recommended that you have a first aid kit at your event in case of an emergency.
Allow about an hour to set up the bike rodeo course and plan for 8-10 volunteers to help you with the skills stations. See bike rodeo packet for instructions and course layout. You will need to use the informed consent for minors form. Participants are required to sign the form and copies will be provided inside the trailer cabinet. It is recommended that you have a first aid kit at your event in case of an emergency.
We are located in the Salt Lake International Center, west of the Airport at 5500 Amelia Earhart Drive #155.
This service is free of charge. We only ask that you return the trailer in the same condition (or better) that you found it in. Please make sure the bikes are secure in their proper places, cones neatly stacked, signs secured, helmets in the proper storage bins and any garbage from your event disposed of. If there is anything that is in need of repair, please make a note on the event evaluation form so that we can take care of it prior to the next event.
This service is free of charge. We only ask that you return the trailer in the same condition (or better) that you found it in. Please make sure the bikes are secure in their proper places, cones neatly stacked, signs secured, helmets in the proper storage bins and any garbage from your event disposed of. If there is anything that is in need of repair, please make a note on the event evaluation form so that we can take care of it prior to the next event.
Bike Rodeo Documents
Contact the HSO at 801-366-6040 for more information.